The electric locomotive has quick start-up, strong climbing ability, and the work is not affected by the severe cold. It does not exhaust the exhaust during operation, so it can play a superior role in the busy railway trunk line and the mountainous road with steep tunnel and steep slope. In addition, electric passenger trains can provide convenience for passenger car air conditioning and electric heating. Due to the large investment in infrastructure construction of electrified railways, high technical requirements for equipment and poor ability to resist natural disasters, the application of electric locomotives is not as extensive as that of diesel locomotives, and it is impossible to completely replace diesel locomotives.

Electric locomotives have no air pollution and are good at maintenance. Traction trains can reach several hundred kilometers per hour, so high-speed trains are basically pulled by electric locomotives. Another advantage of electric locomotives is that they can start and brake in a short time. This performance is much better than that of steam locomotives and diesel locomotives. It is especially suitable for urban rail transit trains with high starting density and short station spacing. Therefore, electric locomotives have received attention worldwide, and countries around the world have continuously increased their efforts to develop electric locomotives with better performance.

he traction and climbing ability of electric locomotives is much larger than that of diesel locomotives and steam locomotives. It is not necessary to use multi-machine traction when the load is too heavy or the slope is large. The biggest advantage of an electric locomotive is the infinite travel. As long as the vehicle does not leave the electrification section, it will not be “starved” (except for faults), and there is no need to replenish fuel as often as diesel locomotives and steam locomotives.